물권법 Property Law¶

§197, §200 점유 추정¶

Module: Deontic.Civil.Possession

§197: 점유자는 소유의 의사로 선의, 평온 및 공연하게 점유한 것으로 추정한다.

§200: 점유자가 점유물에 대하여 행사하는 권리는 적법하게 보유하는 것으로 추정한다.

Act type: PossessionAct — Layers: '[Rebuttal, Presumption]

This module demonstrates the rebuttable presumption pattern:

Layer	Role	Logic
Presumption (base)	Default: presumption holds	Always → `JBase Valid`
Rebuttal (override)	Counter-evidence defeats presumption	`BadFaith`/`ViolentPossession`/`ClandestinePossession`/`NoOwnershipIntent` → `JOverride Voidable`

The key insight: absence of rebuttal facts causes delegation. When no rebuttal evidence is presented, the Rebuttal layer delegates to the Presumption layer, and the default holds. This is a closed-world assumption encoded in open-world machinery.

-- Presumption (base): always Valid
instance Adjudicate PossessionAct '[Presumption] where
  adjudicate _ _ = JBase Valid ...

-- Rebuttal (override): check for counter-evidence
instance Adjudicate PossessionAct rest
      => Adjudicate PossessionAct (Rebuttal ': rest) where
  adjudicate act facts
    | BadFaith `Set.member` facts = JOverride prev Voidable ...
    | ...
    | otherwise = JDelegate prev  -- no rebuttal → presumption holds

§186-188 물권변동¶

Module: Deontic.Civil.PropertyTransfer

§186: 부동산에 관한 법률행위로 인한 물권의 득실변경은 등기하여야 그 효력이 생긴다.

§187: 상속, 공용징수, 판결, 경매 기타 법률의 규정에 의한 부동산물권취득은 등기를 요하지 아니한다.

§188①: 동산에 관한 물권의 양도는 그 동산을 인도하여야 효력이 생�다.

Act type: PropertyTransferAct — Layers: '[FormException, Base]

This demonstrates the lex specialis pattern:

Layer	Article	Logic
Base	§186, §188	Real property needs registration; movables need delivery
FormException	§187	Inheritance/court order/auction/expropriation bypass registration

-- Base: formality requirements
instance Adjudicate PropertyTransferAct '[Base] where
  adjudicate _ facts
    | IsRealProperty ∈ facts, HasRegistration ∈ facts = JBase Valid ...
    | IsRealProperty ∈ facts                         = JBase Void ...
    | IsMovableProperty ∈ facts, HasDelivery ∈ facts = JBase Valid ...
    | IsMovableProperty ∈ facts                      = JBase Void ...

-- FormException: §187 bypasses registration for certain acquisitions
instance ... => Adjudicate PropertyTransferAct (FormException ': rest) where
  adjudicate act facts
    | IsRealProperty ∈ facts
    , any (`Set.member` facts)
        [ByInheritance, ByCourtOrder, ByPublicAuction, ByExpropriation] =
        JOverride prev Valid ...  -- no registration needed
    | otherwise = JDelegate prev

§264 공유물의 처분¶

Module: Deontic.Civil.CoOwnership

공유물의 처분, 변경은 공유자 전원의 동의가 있어야 한다.

Act type: CoOwnershipAct — Layers: '[Base]

Demonstrates universal quantification without framework changes:

data CoOwnershipFacts = CoOwnershipFacts
  { cofOwners    :: [PersonId]      -- all co-owners
  , cofConsented :: Set PersonId    -- those who consented
  }

instance Adjudicate CoOwnershipAct '[Base] where
  adjudicate _ facts
    | all (`Set.member` cofConsented facts) (cofOwners facts) =
        JBase Valid ...   -- ∀ owner ∈ owners, owner ∈ consented
    | otherwise =
        JBase Void ...    -- at least one owner didn't consent

The all function + Set.member implements the universal quantifier \(\forall\) using standard Haskell.

§245 취득시효¶

Module: Deontic.Civil.AcquisitivePrescription

§245①: 20년간 소유의 의사로 평온, 공연하게 부동산을 점유하는 자는 등기함으로써 그 소유권을 취득한다.

§245②: 부동산의 소유자로 등기한 자가 10년간 소유의 의사로 평온, 공연하게 선의이며 과실 없이 그 부동산을 점유한 때에는 소유권을 취득한다.

Act type: AcqPrescriptionAct — Layers: '[ShortPrescription, Base]

Demonstrates graduated override — the override layer has stricter requirements but a shorter period:

data AcqPrescFacts = AcqPrescFacts
  { apfStartDate      :: Day   -- 점유 개시일
  , apfCurrentDate    :: Day   -- 판단 시점
  , apfGoodFaith      :: Bool  -- 선의
  , apfNoNegligence   :: Bool  -- 무과실
  , apfPeaceful       :: Bool  -- 평온
  , apfPublic         :: Bool  -- 공연
  , apfSelfPossession :: Bool  -- 자주점유
  }

Layer	Article	Period	Extra Requirements
Base	§245①	20 years	Self-possession + peaceful + public
ShortPrescription	§245②	10 years	All of above + good faith + no negligence

Uses addGregorianYearsClip for proper calendar year computation per §157.